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cd16 apc  (Miltenyi Biotec)


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    Structured Review

    Miltenyi Biotec cd16 apc
    Schematic detailing the experimental design. The workflow illustrates the collection of lymphocytes from participants, followed by ex vivo co-culture with myeloma cells under pre-treatment and co-treatment conditions with therapeutic regimens. ( A ) Overview of the clinical exercise protocol. Participants completed a screening visit followed by the main exercise trial. Peripheral blood was collected at rest, during, and 1-hour post-exercise to isolate and cryopreserve PBMCs for subsequent analysis. ( B ) Ex vivo treatment and co-culture workflow. Effector cells (PBMCs or isolated NK cells) and target cells (MM1.S and MM1.R) were incubated overnight under specific conditions. Following incubation and washout, effectors and targets were co-cultured to assess cytotoxicity (with or without <t>CD16</t> blockade), immune phenotype, and tumor ligand expression. Abbreviations: DRd: Daratumumab, lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone; MRd: Magrolimab, lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone
    Cd16 Apc, supplied by Miltenyi Biotec, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 3 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/cd16+apc/CD16-APC/pmc13063480-74-26-30
    Average 95 stars, based on 3 article reviews
    cd16 apc - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    95/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Exercise-mobilized lymphocytes enhance antibody-based immunotherapy in multiple myeloma through CD16 + NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity"

    Article Title: Exercise-mobilized lymphocytes enhance antibody-based immunotherapy in multiple myeloma through CD16 + NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity

    Journal: Journal of Translational Medicine

    doi: 10.1186/s12967-026-07888-7

    Schematic detailing the experimental design. The workflow illustrates the collection of lymphocytes from participants, followed by ex vivo co-culture with myeloma cells under pre-treatment and co-treatment conditions with therapeutic regimens. ( A ) Overview of the clinical exercise protocol. Participants completed a screening visit followed by the main exercise trial. Peripheral blood was collected at rest, during, and 1-hour post-exercise to isolate and cryopreserve PBMCs for subsequent analysis. ( B ) Ex vivo treatment and co-culture workflow. Effector cells (PBMCs or isolated NK cells) and target cells (MM1.S and MM1.R) were incubated overnight under specific conditions. Following incubation and washout, effectors and targets were co-cultured to assess cytotoxicity (with or without CD16 blockade), immune phenotype, and tumor ligand expression. Abbreviations: DRd: Daratumumab, lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone; MRd: Magrolimab, lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone
    Figure Legend Snippet: Schematic detailing the experimental design. The workflow illustrates the collection of lymphocytes from participants, followed by ex vivo co-culture with myeloma cells under pre-treatment and co-treatment conditions with therapeutic regimens. ( A ) Overview of the clinical exercise protocol. Participants completed a screening visit followed by the main exercise trial. Peripheral blood was collected at rest, during, and 1-hour post-exercise to isolate and cryopreserve PBMCs for subsequent analysis. ( B ) Ex vivo treatment and co-culture workflow. Effector cells (PBMCs or isolated NK cells) and target cells (MM1.S and MM1.R) were incubated overnight under specific conditions. Following incubation and washout, effectors and targets were co-cultured to assess cytotoxicity (with or without CD16 blockade), immune phenotype, and tumor ligand expression. Abbreviations: DRd: Daratumumab, lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone; MRd: Magrolimab, lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone

    Techniques Used: Ex Vivo, Co-Culture Assay, Isolation, Incubation, Cell Culture, Expressing

    Exercise-mobilized NK cells display enhanced cytotoxic phenotypes and differential responses to DRd vs MRd. ( A ) Baseline CD38% positive and MFI) and CD47% positive) on NK cells measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected at rest (REST; red) or during acute exercise at 80% VO2max (EX; blue). ( B ) NK-cell frequency (% of CD45+ lymphocytes) after overnight IL-15 culture under control, DRd (daratumumab + lenalidomide + dexamethasone), or MRd (magrolimab + lenalidomide + dexamethasone) conditions. Representative CD3 vs. CD56 dot plots are shown on the right for REST and EX across regimens, with the NK-cell gate (CD3−CD56+) indicated. ( C ) Expression of monoclonal-antibody–associated markers after overnight culture: CD38% positive and MFI) under control vs. MRd conditions, and CD47% positive and MFI) under control vs. DRd conditions. ( D ) Fc-gamma receptor (FcγR) profiles after overnight culture, showing the expression of CD16 and CD32% positive and MFI). ( E ) Expression of activating and cytotoxic markers after overnight culture: NKG2C, CD57, NKG2D, and DNAM-1% positive and MFI). In all bar graphs, red bars represent REST and blue bars represent EX. Bars show the mean ± SEM with paired donor values overlaid and connected by dotted lines. PBMCs from N = 10 healthy donors were used. Each condition was run in duplicate, and the results were averaged per donor. NK cells were defined as CD3−CD56+ lymphocytes. Statistical tests were two-sided. Panel A: paired t-test (EX vs. REST). Panel B: one-way repeated-measures ANOVA within each exercise state (REST or EX), followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test vs. The control group. Panels C–E: two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with factors for exercise (REST vs. EX) and regimen (e.g., control vs. DRd), followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.Significance is indicated by asterisks or exact p -values where appropriate. Thresholds were set at * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001. “ns” denotes not significant. Abbreviations: PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; NK, natural killer; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; DRd, daratumumab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone; MRd, magrolimab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone
    Figure Legend Snippet: Exercise-mobilized NK cells display enhanced cytotoxic phenotypes and differential responses to DRd vs MRd. ( A ) Baseline CD38% positive and MFI) and CD47% positive) on NK cells measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected at rest (REST; red) or during acute exercise at 80% VO2max (EX; blue). ( B ) NK-cell frequency (% of CD45+ lymphocytes) after overnight IL-15 culture under control, DRd (daratumumab + lenalidomide + dexamethasone), or MRd (magrolimab + lenalidomide + dexamethasone) conditions. Representative CD3 vs. CD56 dot plots are shown on the right for REST and EX across regimens, with the NK-cell gate (CD3−CD56+) indicated. ( C ) Expression of monoclonal-antibody–associated markers after overnight culture: CD38% positive and MFI) under control vs. MRd conditions, and CD47% positive and MFI) under control vs. DRd conditions. ( D ) Fc-gamma receptor (FcγR) profiles after overnight culture, showing the expression of CD16 and CD32% positive and MFI). ( E ) Expression of activating and cytotoxic markers after overnight culture: NKG2C, CD57, NKG2D, and DNAM-1% positive and MFI). In all bar graphs, red bars represent REST and blue bars represent EX. Bars show the mean ± SEM with paired donor values overlaid and connected by dotted lines. PBMCs from N = 10 healthy donors were used. Each condition was run in duplicate, and the results were averaged per donor. NK cells were defined as CD3−CD56+ lymphocytes. Statistical tests were two-sided. Panel A: paired t-test (EX vs. REST). Panel B: one-way repeated-measures ANOVA within each exercise state (REST or EX), followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test vs. The control group. Panels C–E: two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with factors for exercise (REST vs. EX) and regimen (e.g., control vs. DRd), followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.Significance is indicated by asterisks or exact p -values where appropriate. Thresholds were set at * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001. “ns” denotes not significant. Abbreviations: PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; NK, natural killer; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; DRd, daratumumab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone; MRd, magrolimab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone

    Techniques Used: Control, Expressing, Fluorescence

    Exercise enhances purified NK cell cytotoxicity via a CD16-dependent mechanism. ( A ) Pre-treatment: target cells were exposed to the drug regimens before co-culture with purified natural killer (NK) cells. ( B ) Co-treatment: both target cells and purified NK cells were exposed to the drug regimen overnight before co-culture. ( C ) Pre-treatment: target cells were exposed to antibodies before being co-cultured with NK cells. ( D ) Co-treatment: both target cells and NK cells were exposed to antibodies overnight prior to co-culture. ( A - B ) The bar graphs show the percentage of specific lysis for control conditions, combination therapies DRd (daratumumab + lenalidomide + dexamethasone) and MRd (magrolimab + lenalidomide + dexamethasone), and their respective monoclonal antibodies alone, daratumumab ( D ) and magrolimab (M). ( C - D ) Assays were run with control (no antibody), daratumumab alone ( D ), and magrolimab alone (M). The effect of CD16 blockade was tested in the “D (anti-CD16)” and “M (anti-CD16)” groups.Red bars represent NK cells collected at rest (rest), while blue bars represent NK cells collected during acute exercise (exercise) at 80% VO2max. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Individual dots represent data from each donor ( N = 6), with lines connecting paired rest and exercise samples. Statistical comparisons shown are for the effect of exercise (exercise vs. Rest) within each treatment group. Significance is indicated as * p < 0.05; “ns” denotes not significant. The analysis was performed using a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA for pre- and co-treatment conditions separately (factors: exercise and regimen), followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Abbreviations: D, daratumumab; DRd, daratumumab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone; M, magrolimab; MRd, magrolimab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone
    Figure Legend Snippet: Exercise enhances purified NK cell cytotoxicity via a CD16-dependent mechanism. ( A ) Pre-treatment: target cells were exposed to the drug regimens before co-culture with purified natural killer (NK) cells. ( B ) Co-treatment: both target cells and purified NK cells were exposed to the drug regimen overnight before co-culture. ( C ) Pre-treatment: target cells were exposed to antibodies before being co-cultured with NK cells. ( D ) Co-treatment: both target cells and NK cells were exposed to antibodies overnight prior to co-culture. ( A - B ) The bar graphs show the percentage of specific lysis for control conditions, combination therapies DRd (daratumumab + lenalidomide + dexamethasone) and MRd (magrolimab + lenalidomide + dexamethasone), and their respective monoclonal antibodies alone, daratumumab ( D ) and magrolimab (M). ( C - D ) Assays were run with control (no antibody), daratumumab alone ( D ), and magrolimab alone (M). The effect of CD16 blockade was tested in the “D (anti-CD16)” and “M (anti-CD16)” groups.Red bars represent NK cells collected at rest (rest), while blue bars represent NK cells collected during acute exercise (exercise) at 80% VO2max. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Individual dots represent data from each donor ( N = 6), with lines connecting paired rest and exercise samples. Statistical comparisons shown are for the effect of exercise (exercise vs. Rest) within each treatment group. Significance is indicated as * p < 0.05; “ns” denotes not significant. The analysis was performed using a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA for pre- and co-treatment conditions separately (factors: exercise and regimen), followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Abbreviations: D, daratumumab; DRd, daratumumab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone; M, magrolimab; MRd, magrolimab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone

    Techniques Used: Purification, Co-Culture Assay, Cell Culture, Lysis, Control, Bioprocessing

    Related Articles

    Incubation:

    Article Title: Exercise-mobilized lymphocytes enhance antibody-based immunotherapy in multiple myeloma through CD16 + NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
    Article Snippet: .. Briefly, 100μL of EDTA whole blood was incubated with the following antibodies CD8-VioBlue, CD57-VioBlue, CD14-VioGreen, CD3-VioGreen, CD62L-FITC, NKG2C-FITC, TCR-Vd2-FITC, CD4-PE, NKG2D-PE, CD45-PE-Vio615, , CD20-Pe-Vio770, CD45RA-PerCPVio770, NKG2A-Pe-Vio770, CD16-APC, KLRG1-APC, and CD56-APC-Vio770 (Miltenyi Biotec Inc., Gernany) for 30 min at room temperature. .. Samples were lysed with RBC lysis buffer (Miltenyi Biotec Inc., Gernany ) for 20 min at room temperature and washed three cycles before being analyzed using a MACSQuant 14 flow cytometer (Miltenyi Biotec Inc., Germany).

    Article Title: Exercise-mobilized lymphocytes enhance antibody-based immunotherapy in multiple myeloma through CD16 + NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity
    Article Snippet: .. Briefly, 100 μL of EDTA whole blood was incubated with the following antibodies CD8-VioBlue, CD57-VioBlue, CD14-VioGreen, CD3-VioGreen, CD62L-FITC, NKG2C-FITC, TCR-Vd2-FITC, CD4-PE, NKG2D-PE, CD45-PE-Vio615, CD20-Pe-Vio770, CD45RA-PerCPVio770, NKG2A-Pe-Vio770, CD16-APC, KLRG1-APC, and CD56-APC-Vio770 (Miltenyi Biotec Inc., Gernany) for 30 min at room temperature. .. Samples were lysed with RBC lysis buffer (Miltenyi Biotec Inc., Gernany) for 20 min at room temperature and washed three cycles before being analyzed using a MACSQuant 14 flow cytometer (Miltenyi Biotec Inc., Germany).

    Transduction:

    Article Title: T-cell therapy method
    Article Snippet: .. The efficacy of CAR gene transduction was monitored by staining cells with the following specific antibodies: CD45 (PerCP-Vio770), CD3 (FITC), CD4 (Vio Green), CD16 (APC), CD56 (APC), CD19 (APC-Vio770), and CD14 (Vio Blue; Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany). .. The transduced T cells were labeled with biotin-SP (long spacer) AffiniPure F(ab′) fragment goat anti-mouse IgG, F(ab′)2 fragment specific (Jackson ImmunoResearch Lab), and then labeled with streptavidin-PE (BD Biosciences) or CARTEST-19 (CytoCares Inc., Shanghai, China), and then detected by a CytoFLEX flow cytometer.

    Staining:

    Article Title: T-cell therapy method
    Article Snippet: .. The efficacy of CAR gene transduction was monitored by staining cells with the following specific antibodies: CD45 (PerCP-Vio770), CD3 (FITC), CD4 (Vio Green), CD16 (APC), CD56 (APC), CD19 (APC-Vio770), and CD14 (Vio Blue; Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany). .. The transduced T cells were labeled with biotin-SP (long spacer) AffiniPure F(ab′) fragment goat anti-mouse IgG, F(ab′)2 fragment specific (Jackson ImmunoResearch Lab), and then labeled with streptavidin-PE (BD Biosciences) or CARTEST-19 (CytoCares Inc., Shanghai, China), and then detected by a CytoFLEX flow cytometer.

    Article Title: Macrophage-based therapy
    Article Snippet: Cells were washed in PEA, and dead cell exclusion dye DRAQ7 (BioLegend) was added at 1:100. .. Cells were stained for a range of surface markers as follows: CD45-VioBlue, CD14-PE or CD14-PerCPVio700, CD163-FITC, CD169-PE and CD16-APC (all Miltenyi), CCR2-BV421, CD206-FITC, CXCR4-PE and CD115-APC (all BioLegend), and 25F9-APC and CD115-APC (eBioscience). .. Both monocytes and macrophages were gated to exclude debris, doublets and dead cells using forward and side scatter and DRAQ7 dead cell discriminator (BioLegend) and analysed using FlowJo software (Tree Star).

    Article Title: Engineered chimeric fusion protein compositions and methods of use thereof
    Article Snippet: Cells can be washed in PEA, and dead cell exclusion dye DRAQ7 (BioLegend) is added at 1:100. .. Cells can be stained for a range of surface markers as follows: CD45-VioBlue, CD14-PE or CD14-PerCP-Vio700, CD163-FITC, CD169-PE and CD16-APC (all Miltenyi), CCR2-BV421, CD206-FITC, CXCR4-PE and CD115-APC (all BioLegend), and 25F9-APC and CD115-APC (eBioscience). .. Both monocytes and macrophages can be gated to exclude debris, doublets and dead cells using forward and side scatter and DRAQ7 dead cell discriminator (BioLegend) and analyzed using FlowJo softwcan be (Tree Star).

    Article Title: Identification of circulating tumor cells captured by the FDA-cleared Parsortix ® PC1 system from the peripheral blood of metastatic breast cancer patients using immunofluorescence and cytopathological evaluations.
    Article Snippet: .. Before staining, each slide was re-hydrated with 1 × Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) for 60 min. After re-hydration, slides were blocked with 2.5% Normal Horse Serum (S-2012 Vector Labs) and stained with an antibody mixture against surface blood lineage markers (CD45-Allophycocyanin (APC), CD16-APC, CD11bAPC and CD61-APC diluted in 1 × PBS) followed by another antibody mixture against intracellular markers (Cytokeratin (CK) 8-Alexa Fluor 488 (AF488), CK18AF488, CK19-AF488, EpCAM-Alexa Fluor 555 (AF555), and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) diluted in Inside Perm (Miltenyi Biotec)). ..

    Article Title: Identification of circulating tumor cells captured by the FDA-cleared Parsortix ® PC1 system from the peripheral blood of metastatic breast cancer patients using immunofluorescence and cytopathological evaluations
    Article Snippet: .. Before staining, each slide was re-hydrated with 1 × Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) for 60 min. After re-hydration, slides were blocked with 2.5% Normal Horse Serum (S-2012 Vector Labs) and stained with an antibody mixture against surface blood lineage markers (CD45-Allophycocyanin (APC), CD16-APC, CD11b-APC and CD61-APC diluted in 1 × PBS) followed by another antibody mixture against intracellular markers (Cytokeratin (CK) 8-Alexa Fluor 488 (AF488), CK18-AF488, CK19-AF488, EpCAM-Alexa Fluor 555 (AF555), and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) diluted in Inside Perm (Miltenyi Biotec)). ..

    Saline:

    Article Title: Identification of circulating tumor cells captured by the FDA-cleared Parsortix ® PC1 system from the peripheral blood of metastatic breast cancer patients using immunofluorescence and cytopathological evaluations.
    Article Snippet: .. Before staining, each slide was re-hydrated with 1 × Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) for 60 min. After re-hydration, slides were blocked with 2.5% Normal Horse Serum (S-2012 Vector Labs) and stained with an antibody mixture against surface blood lineage markers (CD45-Allophycocyanin (APC), CD16-APC, CD11bAPC and CD61-APC diluted in 1 × PBS) followed by another antibody mixture against intracellular markers (Cytokeratin (CK) 8-Alexa Fluor 488 (AF488), CK18AF488, CK19-AF488, EpCAM-Alexa Fluor 555 (AF555), and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) diluted in Inside Perm (Miltenyi Biotec)). ..

    Article Title: Identification of circulating tumor cells captured by the FDA-cleared Parsortix ® PC1 system from the peripheral blood of metastatic breast cancer patients using immunofluorescence and cytopathological evaluations
    Article Snippet: .. Before staining, each slide was re-hydrated with 1 × Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) for 60 min. After re-hydration, slides were blocked with 2.5% Normal Horse Serum (S-2012 Vector Labs) and stained with an antibody mixture against surface blood lineage markers (CD45-Allophycocyanin (APC), CD16-APC, CD11b-APC and CD61-APC diluted in 1 × PBS) followed by another antibody mixture against intracellular markers (Cytokeratin (CK) 8-Alexa Fluor 488 (AF488), CK18-AF488, CK19-AF488, EpCAM-Alexa Fluor 555 (AF555), and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) diluted in Inside Perm (Miltenyi Biotec)). ..



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    Image Search Results


    Schematic detailing the experimental design. The workflow illustrates the collection of lymphocytes from participants, followed by ex vivo co-culture with myeloma cells under pre-treatment and co-treatment conditions with therapeutic regimens. ( A ) Overview of the clinical exercise protocol. Participants completed a screening visit followed by the main exercise trial. Peripheral blood was collected at rest, during, and 1-hour post-exercise to isolate and cryopreserve PBMCs for subsequent analysis. ( B ) Ex vivo treatment and co-culture workflow. Effector cells (PBMCs or isolated NK cells) and target cells (MM1.S and MM1.R) were incubated overnight under specific conditions. Following incubation and washout, effectors and targets were co-cultured to assess cytotoxicity (with or without CD16 blockade), immune phenotype, and tumor ligand expression. Abbreviations: DRd: Daratumumab, lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone; MRd: Magrolimab, lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone

    Journal: Journal of Translational Medicine

    Article Title: Exercise-mobilized lymphocytes enhance antibody-based immunotherapy in multiple myeloma through CD16 + NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity

    doi: 10.1186/s12967-026-07888-7

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic detailing the experimental design. The workflow illustrates the collection of lymphocytes from participants, followed by ex vivo co-culture with myeloma cells under pre-treatment and co-treatment conditions with therapeutic regimens. ( A ) Overview of the clinical exercise protocol. Participants completed a screening visit followed by the main exercise trial. Peripheral blood was collected at rest, during, and 1-hour post-exercise to isolate and cryopreserve PBMCs for subsequent analysis. ( B ) Ex vivo treatment and co-culture workflow. Effector cells (PBMCs or isolated NK cells) and target cells (MM1.S and MM1.R) were incubated overnight under specific conditions. Following incubation and washout, effectors and targets were co-cultured to assess cytotoxicity (with or without CD16 blockade), immune phenotype, and tumor ligand expression. Abbreviations: DRd: Daratumumab, lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone; MRd: Magrolimab, lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone

    Article Snippet: Briefly, 100 μL of EDTA whole blood was incubated with the following antibodies CD8-VioBlue, CD57-VioBlue, CD14-VioGreen, CD3-VioGreen, CD62L-FITC, NKG2C-FITC, TCR-Vd2-FITC, CD4-PE, NKG2D-PE, CD45-PE-Vio615, CD20-Pe-Vio770, CD45RA-PerCPVio770, NKG2A-Pe-Vio770, CD16-APC, KLRG1-APC, and CD56-APC-Vio770 (Miltenyi Biotec Inc., Gernany) for 30 min at room temperature.

    Techniques: Ex Vivo, Co-Culture Assay, Isolation, Incubation, Cell Culture, Expressing

    Exercise-mobilized NK cells display enhanced cytotoxic phenotypes and differential responses to DRd vs MRd. ( A ) Baseline CD38% positive and MFI) and CD47% positive) on NK cells measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected at rest (REST; red) or during acute exercise at 80% VO2max (EX; blue). ( B ) NK-cell frequency (% of CD45+ lymphocytes) after overnight IL-15 culture under control, DRd (daratumumab + lenalidomide + dexamethasone), or MRd (magrolimab + lenalidomide + dexamethasone) conditions. Representative CD3 vs. CD56 dot plots are shown on the right for REST and EX across regimens, with the NK-cell gate (CD3−CD56+) indicated. ( C ) Expression of monoclonal-antibody–associated markers after overnight culture: CD38% positive and MFI) under control vs. MRd conditions, and CD47% positive and MFI) under control vs. DRd conditions. ( D ) Fc-gamma receptor (FcγR) profiles after overnight culture, showing the expression of CD16 and CD32% positive and MFI). ( E ) Expression of activating and cytotoxic markers after overnight culture: NKG2C, CD57, NKG2D, and DNAM-1% positive and MFI). In all bar graphs, red bars represent REST and blue bars represent EX. Bars show the mean ± SEM with paired donor values overlaid and connected by dotted lines. PBMCs from N = 10 healthy donors were used. Each condition was run in duplicate, and the results were averaged per donor. NK cells were defined as CD3−CD56+ lymphocytes. Statistical tests were two-sided. Panel A: paired t-test (EX vs. REST). Panel B: one-way repeated-measures ANOVA within each exercise state (REST or EX), followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test vs. The control group. Panels C–E: two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with factors for exercise (REST vs. EX) and regimen (e.g., control vs. DRd), followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.Significance is indicated by asterisks or exact p -values where appropriate. Thresholds were set at * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001. “ns” denotes not significant. Abbreviations: PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; NK, natural killer; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; DRd, daratumumab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone; MRd, magrolimab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone

    Journal: Journal of Translational Medicine

    Article Title: Exercise-mobilized lymphocytes enhance antibody-based immunotherapy in multiple myeloma through CD16 + NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity

    doi: 10.1186/s12967-026-07888-7

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Exercise-mobilized NK cells display enhanced cytotoxic phenotypes and differential responses to DRd vs MRd. ( A ) Baseline CD38% positive and MFI) and CD47% positive) on NK cells measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected at rest (REST; red) or during acute exercise at 80% VO2max (EX; blue). ( B ) NK-cell frequency (% of CD45+ lymphocytes) after overnight IL-15 culture under control, DRd (daratumumab + lenalidomide + dexamethasone), or MRd (magrolimab + lenalidomide + dexamethasone) conditions. Representative CD3 vs. CD56 dot plots are shown on the right for REST and EX across regimens, with the NK-cell gate (CD3−CD56+) indicated. ( C ) Expression of monoclonal-antibody–associated markers after overnight culture: CD38% positive and MFI) under control vs. MRd conditions, and CD47% positive and MFI) under control vs. DRd conditions. ( D ) Fc-gamma receptor (FcγR) profiles after overnight culture, showing the expression of CD16 and CD32% positive and MFI). ( E ) Expression of activating and cytotoxic markers after overnight culture: NKG2C, CD57, NKG2D, and DNAM-1% positive and MFI). In all bar graphs, red bars represent REST and blue bars represent EX. Bars show the mean ± SEM with paired donor values overlaid and connected by dotted lines. PBMCs from N = 10 healthy donors were used. Each condition was run in duplicate, and the results were averaged per donor. NK cells were defined as CD3−CD56+ lymphocytes. Statistical tests were two-sided. Panel A: paired t-test (EX vs. REST). Panel B: one-way repeated-measures ANOVA within each exercise state (REST or EX), followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test vs. The control group. Panels C–E: two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with factors for exercise (REST vs. EX) and regimen (e.g., control vs. DRd), followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.Significance is indicated by asterisks or exact p -values where appropriate. Thresholds were set at * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001. “ns” denotes not significant. Abbreviations: PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; NK, natural killer; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; DRd, daratumumab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone; MRd, magrolimab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone

    Article Snippet: Briefly, 100 μL of EDTA whole blood was incubated with the following antibodies CD8-VioBlue, CD57-VioBlue, CD14-VioGreen, CD3-VioGreen, CD62L-FITC, NKG2C-FITC, TCR-Vd2-FITC, CD4-PE, NKG2D-PE, CD45-PE-Vio615, CD20-Pe-Vio770, CD45RA-PerCPVio770, NKG2A-Pe-Vio770, CD16-APC, KLRG1-APC, and CD56-APC-Vio770 (Miltenyi Biotec Inc., Gernany) for 30 min at room temperature.

    Techniques: Control, Expressing, Fluorescence

    Exercise enhances purified NK cell cytotoxicity via a CD16-dependent mechanism. ( A ) Pre-treatment: target cells were exposed to the drug regimens before co-culture with purified natural killer (NK) cells. ( B ) Co-treatment: both target cells and purified NK cells were exposed to the drug regimen overnight before co-culture. ( C ) Pre-treatment: target cells were exposed to antibodies before being co-cultured with NK cells. ( D ) Co-treatment: both target cells and NK cells were exposed to antibodies overnight prior to co-culture. ( A - B ) The bar graphs show the percentage of specific lysis for control conditions, combination therapies DRd (daratumumab + lenalidomide + dexamethasone) and MRd (magrolimab + lenalidomide + dexamethasone), and their respective monoclonal antibodies alone, daratumumab ( D ) and magrolimab (M). ( C - D ) Assays were run with control (no antibody), daratumumab alone ( D ), and magrolimab alone (M). The effect of CD16 blockade was tested in the “D (anti-CD16)” and “M (anti-CD16)” groups.Red bars represent NK cells collected at rest (rest), while blue bars represent NK cells collected during acute exercise (exercise) at 80% VO2max. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Individual dots represent data from each donor ( N = 6), with lines connecting paired rest and exercise samples. Statistical comparisons shown are for the effect of exercise (exercise vs. Rest) within each treatment group. Significance is indicated as * p < 0.05; “ns” denotes not significant. The analysis was performed using a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA for pre- and co-treatment conditions separately (factors: exercise and regimen), followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Abbreviations: D, daratumumab; DRd, daratumumab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone; M, magrolimab; MRd, magrolimab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone

    Journal: Journal of Translational Medicine

    Article Title: Exercise-mobilized lymphocytes enhance antibody-based immunotherapy in multiple myeloma through CD16 + NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity

    doi: 10.1186/s12967-026-07888-7

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Exercise enhances purified NK cell cytotoxicity via a CD16-dependent mechanism. ( A ) Pre-treatment: target cells were exposed to the drug regimens before co-culture with purified natural killer (NK) cells. ( B ) Co-treatment: both target cells and purified NK cells were exposed to the drug regimen overnight before co-culture. ( C ) Pre-treatment: target cells were exposed to antibodies before being co-cultured with NK cells. ( D ) Co-treatment: both target cells and NK cells were exposed to antibodies overnight prior to co-culture. ( A - B ) The bar graphs show the percentage of specific lysis for control conditions, combination therapies DRd (daratumumab + lenalidomide + dexamethasone) and MRd (magrolimab + lenalidomide + dexamethasone), and their respective monoclonal antibodies alone, daratumumab ( D ) and magrolimab (M). ( C - D ) Assays were run with control (no antibody), daratumumab alone ( D ), and magrolimab alone (M). The effect of CD16 blockade was tested in the “D (anti-CD16)” and “M (anti-CD16)” groups.Red bars represent NK cells collected at rest (rest), while blue bars represent NK cells collected during acute exercise (exercise) at 80% VO2max. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Individual dots represent data from each donor ( N = 6), with lines connecting paired rest and exercise samples. Statistical comparisons shown are for the effect of exercise (exercise vs. Rest) within each treatment group. Significance is indicated as * p < 0.05; “ns” denotes not significant. The analysis was performed using a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA for pre- and co-treatment conditions separately (factors: exercise and regimen), followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Abbreviations: D, daratumumab; DRd, daratumumab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone; M, magrolimab; MRd, magrolimab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone

    Article Snippet: Briefly, 100 μL of EDTA whole blood was incubated with the following antibodies CD8-VioBlue, CD57-VioBlue, CD14-VioGreen, CD3-VioGreen, CD62L-FITC, NKG2C-FITC, TCR-Vd2-FITC, CD4-PE, NKG2D-PE, CD45-PE-Vio615, CD20-Pe-Vio770, CD45RA-PerCPVio770, NKG2A-Pe-Vio770, CD16-APC, KLRG1-APC, and CD56-APC-Vio770 (Miltenyi Biotec Inc., Gernany) for 30 min at room temperature.

    Techniques: Purification, Co-Culture Assay, Cell Culture, Lysis, Control, Bioprocessing

    Characterization of NK cells in presence of OCs and A549s by flow cytometry. Box and whiskers plots show the % of CD56 + CD16 + (A) and CD56 ++ CD16 - NK cells (B) , the expression on NK cells of NK activator receptors DNAM-1 (C) , NKp44 (D) , NKp30 (E) , activation marker CD69 (F) and of inhibitory receptors TIM3 (G) and TIGIT (H) in co-culture with A549s, OCs and both OCs+A549s. Groups were compared using a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey test (* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01).

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: Osteoclasts affect the anti-cancer activity of NK cells

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1730283

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of NK cells in presence of OCs and A549s by flow cytometry. Box and whiskers plots show the % of CD56 + CD16 + (A) and CD56 ++ CD16 - NK cells (B) , the expression on NK cells of NK activator receptors DNAM-1 (C) , NKp44 (D) , NKp30 (E) , activation marker CD69 (F) and of inhibitory receptors TIM3 (G) and TIGIT (H) in co-culture with A549s, OCs and both OCs+A549s. Groups were compared using a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey test (* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01).

    Article Snippet: We also used commercially available mAbs as CD69 PE, CD3 PercP, CD16 APC-Vio770, TIGIT (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany), CD56 PE-Cy7 (anti-human Beckaman Coulter, Fullerton, CA, USA), and LEAF anti-TIM3 (345004, Biolegend, San Diego, California).

    Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Activation Assay, Marker, Co-Culture Assay